Hi!
These are the keys:
1. Present simple- refers to the past, frequently used in newspaper headlines to be economical and to emphasise the recentness of the event.
2. Past simple- refers to no specific time, used here to describe an imaginary situation
3. Past continuous- refers to the present, used to make a request sound more tentative and distant
4. Past perfect- refers to the past, but not to denote the earlier of two past actions, as it usually does: it is used here because of the sequence of tenses in reported speech.
5. Past perfect- refers to an unusual past situation.
6. Present perfect- refers to the future, used here after the time conjunction " as soon as", instead of the Present Simple: " as soon as his visa expires".
7. Present simple- refers to the past, used to tell a story and make it seem more immediate and dramatic.
8. Present simple- refers to " now/the moment of speaking" when we might normally expect the Present continuous to be used, and commonly used with verbs like apologise, ( dis) agree, insist, promise, recommend.
For more information on grammar, see the language summary section.
That's all, see you in class,
Elena
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